Reasonable Hypothesis SOP [1] | 82 of 2022 |
Balance of Probabilities SOP [2] | 83 of 2022 |
SOP Bulletin 232 [3]
This is a primary cancer of the lining of the anus/the anal canal. The anal canal is approximately 3 cm long, extending from the end of the rectum (at the anorectal ring) to where the squamous mucosa blends with perianal skin. There are three different histological types of mucosa in the anal canal - glandular, transitional, and non-keratinising squamous. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent cancer type. Cancer of this area is uncommon.
The diagnosis requires histology (or cytology for HSIL).
The relevant medical specialist is a colorectal surgeon.
* another SOP applies
# non-SOP condition
The most common presentation is with bleeding, followed by pain or the sensation of a mass. The condition may be asymsptomatic and found incidentally. Bleeding may be attributed to another condition (e.g. haemorrhoids) which may delay diagnosis.
The only SOP worsening factor is for inability to obtain appropriate clinical management. The condition is amenable to treatment. Treatment options include combined chemoradiotherapy (without surgery), and local excision.
Links
[1] http://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2022/17f2a53767/082.pdf
[2] http://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2022/d953a1c1da/083.pdf
[3] https://clik.dva.gov.au/system/files/media/SOP%20Bulletin%20232.pdf