Reasonable Hypothesis SOP [1] | 46 of 2017 |
Balance of Probabilities SOP [2] | 47 of 2017 |
SOP Bulletin 198 [3]
Malaria is a mosquito-borne parasitic infection that is widespread in tropical and sub-tropical areas, particularly in Africa. The SOP covers the regular forms of malaria as well as rare infections with Plasmodium knowlesi or other types acquired from monkeys.
The diagnosis may be suspected on clinical grounds based on symptoms, signs and potential for exposure to the parasites, but confirmation requires positive diagnostic testing. The standard diagnostic tool is visualisation of parasites by microscopy on a stained blood smear. Rapid diagnostic tests that detect malaria antigens or antibodies can also be used. The species of malaria needs to be known to apply the SOP factors. If there is a history of malaria many years ago and the condition is no longer present the appropriate diagnosis may be "Malaria – resolved".
The relevant medical specialist is an infectious diseases physician.
Malaria typically presents with a flu-like illness, but also with a cyclical pattern of shivering and then fever every two or three days. Clinical onset is typically within a month after exposure, but may be delayed in some cases. Once diagnosis is confirmed clinical onset can be dated from when the characteristic symptoms and signs first manifest. A return of symptoms after a symptom-free period may be due to inadequate treatment (generally occurs within 6 months), a new infection, or a relapse. Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale malaria can relapse, typically within two or three years. P. falciparum and P. malariae do not relapse.
Various serious complications of malaria can develop as part of the natural course of the condition and deaths can occur. Circumstances meeting requirements for clinical worsening are unlikely to occur in connection with the initial presentation. Worsening could apply in relation to relapsing disease. With appropriate treatment, the usual course of malaria is complete recovery.
Place holder node for Rulebase for malaria
Malaria - Inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for malaria Factor
Last reviewed for CCPS 01 August 1995.
Investigative Documents
Medical Report - Inability to Obtain Appropriate Clinical Management - [GQACM] Preliminary questions [10992]
11014 [6] the clinical onset of the veteran's malaria occurred after the end of the veteran's last period of VEA service. the veteran's malaria permanently worsened. the veteran was unable to obtain appropriate clinical management for malaria at some time.
11017 [9] the inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for malaria contributed to the clinical worsening of the veteran's malaria. 11019 — the veteran has established the causal connection between the inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for malaria and VEA service for the clinical worsening of malaria. 11020 — the veteran has established the causal connection between the inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for malaria and operational service for the clinical worsening of malaria. or 11021 — the veteran has established the causal connection between the inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for malaria and eligible service for the clinical worsening of malaria. Clinical worsening and operational service [11020] or 11028 — the identified illness or injury which prevented the veteran from obtaining appropriate clinical management for malaria is causally related to operational service. [14] [15] Clinical worsening and eligible service [11021] or 11029 — the identified illness or injury which prevented the veteran from obtaining appropriate clinical management for malaria is causally related to eligible service. [14] [15]
Malaria - Service in an area of malarial transmission Factor
Last reviewed for CCPS 01 August 1995.
Preliminary questions [10991]
11003 — the veteran has been in an area of malarial transmission at some time.
11004 — the veteran was in an area of malarial transmission before the clinical onset of malaria. [Default true]
11005 — the veteran has established the causal connection between being in an area of malarial transmission and VEA service for the clinical onset of malaria.
11008 — the veteran has established the causal connection between being in an area of malarial transmission and operational service for the clinical onset of malaria.
or
11009 — the veteran has established the causal connection between being in an area of malarial transmission and eligible service for the clinical onset of malaria.
Clinical onset and operational service [11008]
11010 [22] the veteran was in an area of malarial transmission before the clinical onset of malaria, on operational service. the veteran's presence in an area of malarial transmission before the clinical onset of malaria, on operational service, was due to the veteran's serious default, wilful act or serious breach of discipline. Clinical onset and eligible service [11009]
Links
[1] http://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2017/046.pdf
[2] http://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2017/047.pdf
[3] https://clik.dva.gov.au/system/files/media/Bulletin%20198.pdf
[4] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=comment/reply/63724%23comment-form
[5] https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccpsother-31
[6] https://clik.dva.gov.au/node/71079
[7] clikpopup://CCPS/Reject/OnsetAfterService
[8] clikpopup://CCPS/Reject/NoPermanentWorsening
[9] clikpopup://CCPS/Malaria/ACM - contributed to worsening
[10] clikpopup://CCPS/ACM/NoContribution
[11] clikpopup://CCPS/ACM/NotOpService
[12] clikpopup://CCPS/ACM/NotOperDuties
[13] clikpopup://CCPS/rejectwilful
[14] clikpopup://CCPS/ACM/NoIllness
[15] clikpopup://CCPS/reject11028,11029No
[16] clikpopup://CCPS/Malaria/ACM - onset prior to operational service
[17] clikpopup://CCPS/ACM/OnsetFailOper
[18] clikpopup://CCPS/ACM/NotEligService
[19] clikpopup://CCPS/ACM/NotEligDuties
[20] clikpopup://CCPS/Malaria/ACM - onset prior to eligible service
[21] clikpopup://CCPS/ACM/OnsetFailElig
[22] https://clik.dva.gov.au/service-area-malarial-transmission
[23] clikpopup://CCPS/reject11010No
[24] clikpopup://CCPS/reject11011No
[25] clikpopup://CCPS/reject11012No