This chapter contains the general provisions covering deprivation of income and assets. It explains key principles and covers particular circumstances of deprivation.
See Also
Chapter 9.1 Income and Assets Test Principles [2]
Chapter 9.5 Deeming Provisions [3]
Chapter 9.2 Residential Situations [4]
Chapter 5.5 Retirement Assistance for Farmers Scheme [5]
Chapter 5.1 — 0 Retirement Assistance for Sugarcane Farmers Scheme (RASF) [6]
Last amended: 30 May 2007
Deprivation provisions are intended to limit the potential for a person to avoid the income [8] and assets tests [8]. For deprivation provisions to apply it must be shown that a person has diminished directly or indirectly the value of:
If special or unusual circumstances necessitate the quick sale of an asset, deprivation may not have occurred.
More ? [9]
The date of disposal is the earliest date that disposal of the asset or income occurred. Deprivation provisions apply from the date of disposal.
More ? [10]
Asset disposals are included in the value of a person's assets for five years. The amount to be included is dependent on:
Income disposals are included in the person's ordinary income for the period of the disposition. The amount to be included is dependent on the date of the disposal and whether the person is a member of a couple.
More ? [11]
Deprivation provisions apply to a person assessed under both the income and assets tests. The value of a disposed asset must be recorded, even if it has no effect on the person's current entitlement.
More ? [12]
Deprivation of income and/or assets can occur in relation to a number of circumstances, including:
According to section 5H of the VEA [39] income is:
One element of the means test for income support pensions whereby the rate of pension payable to a pensioner reduces progressively as their assets increase above a certain threshold known as the assets value limit (AVL). [40]
An asset means any property, including property outside Australia.
According to section 5H of the VEA [39] income is:
If there is a disposition of assets on or after 1 July 2002, the rolling period is the period comprising the tax year in which the relevant disposition took place and such (if any) of the 4 previous tax years as occurred after 30 June 2002. This means that disposals that occurred prior to 1 July 2002 are not counted in the rolling period. Subsection 52JB(4) VEA [41] (for individuals) and subsection 52JD(6) VEA [41] (for members of a couple) define the rolling period relevant to the $30,000 disposal of assets 'free area' rule.
Last amended: 21 March 2014
VEA → [43]
A person disposes of an asset or income when they:
It is not considered that disposal of income has occurred if a person:
The free area is $10,000. Any disposition amounts over this are included as an assessable asset or ordinary income. The $10,000 applies to all dispositions that year accumulative. The $10,000 applies to an individual or a couple combined.
The rationale for this limit is that it allows people to provide reasonable support and assistance to others, including children and family, without any impact on income support payments.
* For example, a spouse receiving a payment similar in nature to WWP, such as the New Zealand Surviving Spouse Pension or the United States Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, can forfeit this payment to qualify for the higher payment of PSP. It is only the receipt of these payments which are similar to WWP (rather than entitlement) which precludes payment of PSP. The forfeited amount is not to be held as deprivation.
The purpose of the means testing provisions is not to restrain a person from reasonably spending money for another person's benefit from time to time in the way any other member of the public might on a day-to-day basis (for instance, buying a coffee or lunch for somebody, purchasing icecreams or small toys for the grandchildren). However, the $10,000 free area can be reached through an accumulation of smaller gifts, and so it is the obligation of an income support recipient to notify DVA of any gift made that is more that trivial. If a person is in doubt about whether a particular gift needs to be reported, it is advisable for them to notify DVA.
It is not necessary that the course of conduct results in an immediate reduction in asset value. A reduction in asset value occurring at a future time, that is still directly or indirectly a consequence of the person's course of conduct, is a disposal of asset value. For example, a decision to transfer legal title to an asset at a future date will be deprivation, with the deprived amount to be held from that future date.
VEA → [44]
For disposals of assets that occurred prior to 1 July 2002, the $10,000 disposal limit refers to assets disposed of during a pension year or within five pre-pension years. Assets disposed of by a person in receipt of, or eligible to receive a service pension, income support supplement or social security pension were assessed for the full five years from the day the disposition took place.
More → [45]
VEA → [46]
For disposals of assets that occurred on or after 1 July 2002, the tax year [8] and rolling period [8] rules replace the pension year and pre-pension year rules. The $10,000 limit applies to all assets disposed of during a tax year and a $30,000 limit applies over a rolling period of up to 5 tax years. Assets disposed of are assessed for the full rolling period applicable from the day the disposition took place.
More → [47]
VEA → [48]
If, during the five year period, adequate consideration for a gifted asset is received, or the gifted asset is returned, the value of the asset will no longer be held as a deprived asset. This will apply from the date that the person notified the department of the return or receipt of adequate consideration. The asset may still be included in the pension assessment, depending on how it is used.
Example: A person gives $40,000 to a family member and receives nothing in return. Consequently, $30,000 is held in the person's pension assessment as a deprived asset, and will remain there for five years from the date of the gift. Two years after the gift, the family member returns $30,000 to the person. The $30,000 is no longer assessed as a deprived asset. However, if the funds are used to purchase a car, then the value of the car will be included in the pension assessment. If the funds are invested, they will be assessed as a financial asset and will be deemed.
The value of a partial return or consideration can also be removed from the deprived asset amount in the person's pension assessment. When only a partial value is removed from the assessment, it is important the original gifting date remains the same, to ensure that the 5 year gifting period is not extended or reduced.
VEA → [49]
An asset is disposed of if a person:
Adequate financial consideration is not accepted as having been received when a person disposes of an asset or income to a family member:
Adequate financial consideration may be accepted if a person transfers:
VEA → [52]
A disposal of an asset or income will be disregarded if the disposal took place:
Please note that the above applies to disposals both before and after 1 July 2002. The second dot point is policy only when applied to disposals on or after 1 July 2002. A legislative amendment is being prepared to request inclusion of this policy in legislation.
A 49 year old person has no plans for retiring and makes a gift of more than $10,000 to his family. The person has a car accident and becomes a paraplegic. The money given away to his family would be disregarded as he qualified for an income support pension due to an unforeseen circumstance.
The asset value of a life interest [8] is generally disregarded for the assets test. Any income it produces, however, is assessable. Surrendering the value of a life interest disposes of both the asset and its income. If a person surrenders the value of a life interest, the asset value must be obtained from the Australian Government Actuary (AGA). The AGA valuation is the amount of disposition.
Deprivation provisions do not apply:
Disposition of assets
Part IIIB, Division 11, Subdivision B [53] VEA
Income Test - disposal of ordinary income
Part IIIB, Division 7 [54] VEA
Pension Year
Section 5L(9) [56] VEA
section 5L(9A) [57] VEA
Pre-pension Year
Section 5L(10A) [58] VEA
Section 5L(10B) [59] VEA
For adequate financial consideration to be received when disposing of an asset [8], a person must receive value in the form of money or assets. Adequate financial consideration can be accepted when the amounts received reasonably equate to the market value of the asset. It may be necessary to obtain a valuation from a property valuation service provider.
When disposing of income [8], in order for adequate financial consideration to be received, the person must receive money, goods or services which approximate in value to the rate of disposed income. If a person disposes of an income producing asset and receives adequate financial consideration in money or money's worth for the asset, then it can be accepted that they have received adequate financial consideration for the disposal of both the income and the asset.
A service pension is an income support payment broadly equivalent to the social security age and disability support pensions. It may be paid once a veteran or partner has reached the nominated age or is incapacitated for work.
ISS is an income support payment that may be paid to eligible war widows and widowers under the VEA and persons receiving wholly dependent partners' compensation under the MRCA, and who satisfy the means tests. It is an indexed rate, increased twice-yearly in March and September in line with changes to the cost of living and/or average wages. Income Support Supplement (ISS) legislation commenced on 20 March 1995. It is a payment created to replace the ceiling rate income support age, carer, wife and disability support pensions, paid to war widows/widowers by Centrelink.
A Social Security payment refers to the following:
A tax year means:
[glossary::]http://www.comlaw.gov.au/comlaw/management.nsf/lookupindexpagesbyid/IP200401614?OpenDocument [79]
or
[80]http://www.comlaw.gov.au/comlaw/management.nsf/lookupindexpagesbyid/IP200401745?OpenDocument
If there is a disposition of assets on or after 1 July 2002, the rolling period is the period comprising the tax year in which the relevant disposition took place and such (if any) of the 4 previous tax years as occurred after 30 June 2002. This means that disposals that occurred prior to 1 July 2002 are not counted in the rolling period. Subsection 52JB(4) VEA [41] (for individuals) and subsection 52JD(6) VEA [41] (for members of a couple) define the rolling period relevant to the $30,000 disposal of assets 'free area' rule.
Valuable consideration is defined as receipts not in money form but capable of being valued in money terms.
A granny flat interest exists if a person has established a right to accommodation for life, or a life interest in another person's private home.
Granny flat interests are established by the following methods:
Refer to Section 5MA(2) [41] of the VEA for the full definition.
In relation to deprivation related farm transfers, a close relative means the pensioner's:
This definition may be extended by Commission [8] to include other family members [8] who have worked unrewarded on the farm.
According to Section 5E(2) [81]of the VEA [81]a person is a member of a couple, if they are:
The term “partnered” is also commonly used.
According to Section 179 [41]of the VEA [41], the Commission is a body corporate under the name of Repatriation Commission.
A life interest arises when a pensioner:
A life interest remains current until the pensioner:
Disposal dates include the date on which:
VEA ? [83]
A tax year is a period commencing on 1 July and ending on 30 June of the next calendar year. For disposal of assets on or after 1 July 2002, section 52JA (for an individual) and 52JC (for members of a couple) provides a tax year rule that replaces the pension year rule.
VEA ? [84]
If there is the disposition of assets on or after 1 July 2002, the rolling period [8] comprises the tax year in which the relevant disposition took place and such (if any) of the 4 previous tax years that have occurred after 30 June 2002. Disposals that occurred prior to 1 July 2002 are not counted in the rolling period.
VEA ? [85]
Disposal of assets prior to 1 July 2002 were/are assessed by pension years and were/are included in the value of a person's assets for a 5 year period commencing from the date that the disposal took place. The pension year was usually the 12 month period commencing from the day that the income support pension first became payable to the pensioner. Disposals in the 5 pre-pension years are also included in the person's assets. Special determinations were required to align the pension year for members of a couple.
Note: no pension year assessment may extend beyond 30 June 2002.
VEA ? [86]
The pension year for members of a couple must coincide. The table below explains how to determine the pension year date for couples.
If a couple received a pension... |
then the pension year for both begins on... |
on the same day |
the date that a pension first became payable. |
independently before becoming a couple |
the day on which they became a couple. |
after becoming a couple, where one partner is in payment |
the date the recipient partner commenced receiving a pension. |
Definition of tax year
section 5Q(1) [87] VEA
Disposal of assets in tax year
Section 52JA [87] VEA
Section 52JC [87] VEA
If there is a disposition of assets on or after 1 July 2002, the rolling period is the period comprising the tax year in which the relevant disposition took place and such (if any) of the 4 previous tax years as occurred after 30 June 2002. This means that disposals that occurred prior to 1 July 2002 are not counted in the rolling period. Subsection 52JB(4) VEA [41] (for individuals) and subsection 52JD(6) VEA [41] (for members of a couple) define the rolling period relevant to the $30,000 disposal of assets 'free area' rule.
Last amended: 1 June 2009
VEA ? [93]
When a person is claiming a pension, benefit or allowance, or is in payment, assets disposed of before 1 July 2002 are classified according to pre-pension or pension years and are included in the person's assets for assessment purposes. These assets are included for five years from the date of disposition, the amount of which is the lesser of:
A disposition of assets that is more than 5 years old is disregarded. Pre-pension and pension year rules do not apply to disposals occurring on or after 1 July 2002.
VEA ? [94]
Asset disposals on or after 1 July 2002 are classified according to tax years and are included, together with other dispositions, as assessable assets for pension purposes. These assets are included for five years from the date of disposition, the amount of which is the lesser of:
Likewise, amounts that do not exceed $30,000 over the 5 year rolling period.
VEA ? [95]
If a person, a person's partner or a couple together dispose(s) of an asset, 50% of this asset is included in the value of the person's assets and 50% is included in the partner's assets for five years.
This approach continues if the disposition was jointly made, and the couple separate, or one of the members of the couple dies.
If you are reasonably satisfied that the disposition was not jointly made, and the couple separate or one member of the couple dies, the treatment of the disposition depends on which member of the couple disposed of the asset. In this case, the value of the disposed asset will be included in the value of the asset of the person who actually made the disposition.
If the person who made the disposition dies, the deprived amount held against the surviving partner is removed, as they did not make the gift.
VEA ? [96]
For disposals of assets that occur on or after 1 July 2002, the rolling period [8] rule applies. This means that whether or not a disposal of assets occurs prior to commencement of pension, it will be counted as a deprived asset if the $30,000 disposal of assets ' free area' is exceeded in the rolling period. This contrasts with the former rule that applies to dispositions that occurred before 1 July 2002 where a person could dispose of $10,000 in each pension year (this is the total of $50,000 over the 5 year period) without impacting on their assessment.
VEA ? [97]
In the transition from pension year to tax year assessment it is possible that a person can dispose of $10,000 in the 12 months after the pension year without exceeding their annual disposal of assets limit. For example, a person who has a pension year that commences 20 June could dispose of $10,000 on 25 June 2002 and then dispose of a further $10,000 on 5 July 2002. As all pension years ceased on 30 June 2002, they have not exceeded the annual limit applicable prior to 1 July 2002. If the person did not dispose of a further amount before 1 July 2003, that is, the tax year 2002/03, they do not exceed the initial annual limit applicable from 1 July 2002.
VEA ? [98]
A person who disposes of income without associated assets on or after 1 June 1984 will have the actual amount of the disposition included in the person's ordinary income for income test purposes for the period of the disposition. The amount can be reduced by consideration received. If the person is a member of a couple then 50% of the amount is to be included in the person's ordinary income and 50% in the partner's income.
This approach continues if the disposition was jointly made and the couple separate or one of the members of the couple dies.
If you are reasonably satisfied that the disposition was not jointly made and the couple separate or one member of the couple dies, the treatment of the disposition depends on which member of the couple disposed of the income. In this case, the value of the disposed income will be included in the ordinary income of the person who actually made the disposition.
If the person who made the disposition dies, the deprived amount held against the surviving partner is removed, as they did not make the gift.
More ? [99]
Note: For information in respect of disposal of rental income access this link.
More ? [100]
Dispositions of assets before 1 July 2002
Part IIIB, Division 11, Subdivision BA [101] VEA
Section 5L(9) [87] VEA
Section 5L(9A) [87] VEA
Section 5L(10A) [87] VEA
Section 5L(10B) [87] VEA
Dispositions of assets on or after 1 July 2002
Section 52JA [87] VEA
Section 52JB [87] VEA
Section 52JC [87] VEA
Section 52JD [87] VEA
If there is a disposition of assets on or after 1 July 2002, the rolling period is the period comprising the tax year in which the relevant disposition took place and such (if any) of the 4 previous tax years as occurred after 30 June 2002. This means that disposals that occurred prior to 1 July 2002 are not counted in the rolling period. Subsection 52JB(4) VEA [41] (for individuals) and subsection 52JD(6) VEA [41] (for members of a couple) define the rolling period relevant to the $30,000 disposal of assets 'free area' rule.
Deprivation provisions apply to a pensioner who is assessed under the income test [8] and assets test [8]. The value of a disposed asset must be recorded, even if it has no effect on the pensioner's current entitlement. It may be necessary to obtain a valuation for the disposed asset from the Australian Valuation Office.
The value of several disposed assets may cause a pensioner's income support pension to be assets tested. The deemed income may cause an effect under the income test.
Deeming is applied to the:
The actual income lost by disposal of an income producing asset, when the disposal of assets is being assessed, is ignored.
More ? [112]
VEA ? [113]
The value of disposed assets is subject to deeming provisions if the value of these assets exceeds the disposal limit. Any actual income lost by disposal of an income-producing asset is disregarded. This ensures no double counting due to the deeming provisions. Asset disposal is assessed under both the income test (deeming) and assets test, regardless of whether the disposed asset was income-producing or capable of producing income.
More ? [114]
One element of the means test [8] for income support pensions whereby the rate of pension payable to a pensioner reduces progressively as their income increases above a certain threshold known as the income free area (IFA) [8].
One element of the means test for income support pensions whereby the rate of pension payable to a pensioner reduces progressively as their assets increase above a certain threshold known as the assets value limit (AVL). [40]
Section 10.3.15 [120]
Last amended: 2 May 2013
Deprivation provisions apply to a pensioner's interest in a deceased estate if the pensioner:
The provisions apply even if:
Where changes to the distribution of assets from a deceased estate result from a binding Court order, deprivation does not arise. In this situation, changes to the distribution of asset value cannot be held to be the direct responsibility of the affected pensioner (including where the pensioner is the executor). A course of conduct leading to a diminishing of asset value, required to substantiate a finding of deprivation, does not exist.
The date of disposal is determined by how a pensioner disposed of their interest in the deceased estate, as shown in the following table.
If a pensioner... |
then the date of disposal is the later of the date... |
waives their right to their interest in the deceased estate, |
|
instructs the executor of the will to distribute their interest in the deceased estate to a third party, |
|
gives their interest in the deceased estate to a third party, |
|
The amount of disposition held against members of a couple who separate is affected by:
VEA → [123]
When a person transfers assets as a result of the court-ordered property settlement following a relationship breakdown, it is NOT regarded as deprivation. Satisfying the demands of a court-ordered property settlement is regarded as adequate consideration for the asset.
When a person gives away assets as part of a private settlement, the circumstances need to be compared to the reasonable splitting of marital assets that might be ordered by the Family Court. Any private property settlement which departs from the expected court-ordered settlement would reasonably be regarded as deprivation. Where the total assets are equitably split, with the home going to one partner and other assets (e.g. investments, superannuation, motor vehicles) going to the other partner, the gifting of the share in the home is not considered to be deprivation, as adequate consideration has been received.
The following table explains the change in disposition amounts for couples who have permanently separated because of a relationship breakdown.
If the disposed of asset or income was owned... |
the amount of disposition... |
jointly, |
does not change for either partner. 50% of the value of the asset or income continues to be held against each person. |
by one partner, |
becomes fully held against the partner who disposed of the assets or income. |
VEA → [124]
The following table explains the change in disposition amounts for couples when one partner has died.
If the asset or income was owned... |
the amount of disposition held against the surviving partner... |
jointly, |
does not change. The amount held against the deceased partner is not transferred to the surviving partner. |
by the deceased partner, |
is reduced to zero. The surviving partner did not dispose of the asset or income. |
by the surviving partner, |
increases by the relevant disposal amount held against the deceased partner. The surviving partner disposed of the asset or income and so all of the value that was formally shared between the two partners is held against the surviving pensioner. |
The above rules apply to amounts disposed of on or after 1 July 2002 that are part of the amount accumulating towards the $30,000 limit over a 5-year rolling period.
Effect of relationship breakdown on disposition of income
Section 48C(2) [126] VEA
Effect of relationship breakdown on disposition of assets
Section 52H(3) [127] VEA
Section 52JC(3) [128] VEA
Section 52JD(3) [129] VEA
Effect of the death of a partner on disposition of income
Section 48C(3) [131] VEA
Effect of the death of a partner on disposition of assets
Section 52GA(4) [132] VEA
HOTWORD "xlib-LEGIS-section 52GA(5)">Section 52GA(5) [133] VEA
Section 52H(4) [134] VEA
Section 52H(5) [135] VEA
Section 52JC(4) [136] VEA
Section 52JC(5) [137] VEA
Section 52JD(4) [138] VEA
Section 52JD(5) [139] VEA
An asset means any property, including property outside Australia.
A person's 'partner' is someone who is a member of a couple with that person.
Deprivation is assessed if a pensioner does not receive adequate financial consideration [8] and:
If the person acquires the right to accommodation for life [8] in the property, this may be accepted as adequate consideration. However, this is not automatic. The person must establish that through disposing of the asset [8] they have created a granny flat [8] interest in the property, by exchanging financial consideration for the right to accommodation for life. The reasonableness test is then used to determine whether the value of the granny flat interest can be regarded as adequate consideration.
More → [145]
In some cases there may be doubt about whether a granny flat interest has been established and whether the pensioner has security of tenure in their home after a transfer of title. Where doubt exists, there may be value in requesting that a family provide some form of written documentation. This could take the form of a letter signed by family members that certifies that a right to accommodation for life [8] has been established.
If a person creates a granny flat right after 22 August 1990, the value of the property transferred to establish that right will be counted as an entry contribution [8] to a retirement village. A reasonableness test [8] will apply to determine whether deprivation provisions [8] will apply.
More → [146]
When a person transfers a farm but retains a life interest in a dwelling, the dwelling is not considered deprivation, but rather the principal home, which is an exempt asset. The gifted farm is a deprived asset unless it meets certain criteria under:
If a person owns a property and allows people (other than family members [8]) to occupy the property with no or low rent being paid, then disposal of income [8] has occurred, as there has not been adequate financial consideration, and the actions have made the income less than it could have been.
Disposal of income does not apply where a person has entered residential aged care, and is paying a daily accommodation payment [8] or a daily accommodation contribution [8], an accommodation charge or an accommodation bond by periodic payments, and is renting out their former residence.
More → [153]In order for the amount of disposition to be determined, investigation is necessary to ascertain what would be a reasonable amount of rental considering the age, location and condition of the property, as well as the property market in the area. This amount may then be reduced by 1/3. This is because 1/3 of the rental income earned can be accepted as being used for expenses associated with maintaining the property as a rental property, making it exempt from assessment. The deprived income amount can also be reduced by any valuable consideration that a pensioner may receive from work undertaken by the tenants which increases the asset value of the property.
More → [154]
Deprived rental income is not to be found where a pensioner's real estate property is occupied on a rent-free (or low rent) basis by a family member [8]. The Repatriation Commission decided on 6 February 2007 that disposal of rental income does not arise where the following conditions are satisfied:
A person owns three houses, one of which he lives in. His friends occupy the other two with no rent being paid. It has been estimated that the properties could earn approximately $360 per week. The purpose of this arrangement is to enable his friends to save a deposit to purchase the homes from him. As the person has not received any financial consideration and has undertaken a course of conduct that diminishes his ordinary income, the person has disposed of income.
Granny flat provisions apply if the pensioner retains the right to occupancy in the home for life or acquires a life interest [8] in the home.
More → [155]
Deprivation provisions may apply if a pensioner transfers property to a relative in exchange for a certain amount per year for life in the form of an annuity. The value of the annuity is treated as consideration. An Australian Government Actuary valuation is required for annuities. If the value of the annuity is below the value of the property, deprivation of assets may have occurred.
More → [156]
Retirement Assistance for Farmers Scheme (RAFS)
Section 49B(2) VEA [159]
Retirement Assistance for Sugarcane Farmers Scheme (RASFS)
Section 49R(5) VEA [159]
Section 9.6.9 Deprivation Related to Farm Transfer [33]
10.3.16/Other Primary Production Issues [169]
General Provisions of Deprivation
Section 9.6.2 General Provisions of Deprivation [19]
Income Streams
Chapter 10.5 Income Streams [177]
For adequate financial consideration to be received when disposing of an asset [8], a person must receive value in the form of money or assets. Adequate financial consideration can be accepted when the amounts received reasonably equate to the market value of the asset. It may be necessary to obtain a valuation from a property valuation service provider.
When disposing of income [8], in order for adequate financial consideration to be received, the person must receive money, goods or services which approximate in value to the rate of disposed income. If a person disposes of an income producing asset and receives adequate financial consideration in money or money's worth for the asset, then it can be accepted that they have received adequate financial consideration for the disposal of both the income and the asset.
The principal home has the meaning given by subsection 5LA(1) [41] of the VEA and subsection 5LA(2) [41] of the VEA. The principal home of a person is generally the place in which they reside. In certain circumstances, however, the principal home of a person can be the place in which they formerly resided. The following property is regarded as part of the principal home.
A right to accommodation for life provides a right to security of tenure. It enables a person to continue to live in a property that they regard as their principal home, on an ongoing and permanent basis, until they die or choose to leave. This right is distinct from, and does not require, a share of legal ownership of the property, and may arise from arrangements such as a granny flat agreement or through a will.
An asset means any property, including property outside Australia.
A granny flat interest exists if a person has established a right to accommodation for life, or a life interest in another person's private home.
Granny flat interests are established by the following methods:
Refer to Section 5MA(2) [41] of the VEA for the full definition.
A right to accommodation for life provides a right to security of tenure. It enables a person to continue to live in a property that they regard as their principal home, on an ongoing and permanent basis, until they die or choose to leave. This right is distinct from, and does not require, a share of legal ownership of the property, and may arise from arrangements such as a granny flat agreement or through a will.
An entry contribution is the amount paid or agreed to be paid by a person for the right to live in a:
If a person lives in a home subject to a sale leaseback agreement, the entry contribution is the balance of the amount still to be paid by a buyer, at the date of a sale leaseback agreement.
Refer to Section 52M of the VEA for the full definition.
A test of reasonableness is applied to a granny flat [8] entry contribution [8]. The premise behind the reasonableness test is that in some circumstances the value of a lifetime accommodation interest may exceed the value of the principal home [8] being transferred. The reasonableness test uses an approximation of actuarial values, based on life expectancy [8], to estimate the value to the person of the life accommodation interest.
According to section 5L of the VEA [81]a family member, in relation to a person, means:
Please note, the definition of a parent is further defined in section 10A of the VEA [81].
Disposal of income refers to a course of action that either destroys, disposes or diminishes income or a source of income, without receiving something of equivalent value for the income source forgone, for the purposes of obtaining an income support payment advantage.
See section 48 VEA [81], also refer to income support payment [8].
A payment for accommodation costs worked out by converting the refundable accommodation deposit (RAD) to a daily amount, which is payable as a periodic amount by aged care residents.
A payment for accommodation that accrues daily and is payable as a periodic amount by aged care residents for whom the Government is also making a contribution.
According to section 5L of the VEA [81]a family member, in relation to a person, means:
Please note, the definition of a parent is further defined in section 10A of the VEA [81].
A life interest arises when a pensioner:
A life interest remains current until the pensioner:
Last amended: 1 June 2021
The forgone wages policy is a limited concession to assist Australian farmers to retire and hand ongoing control of the farm to the next generation. This is achieved by recognising the value of forgone wages as valuable consideration, and excluding that value from the farming interest that is given to family members when determining the payability and rate of service pension or income support supplement.
The contribution of family members can include improvements to the farm and purchase of livestock and equipment as well as forgone wages.
For a pensioner's close relative's forgone wages to be treated as adequate financial consideration [8]:
A close relative is a father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister (or their spouse).
Exception: If the person who worked on the farm does not meet the definition of close relative, but the relationship between the retiring farmer and the person who worked on the farm is of a special familial nature, forgone wages may be applied.
Note: In an exceptional case, the value of forgone wages may be accepted if it is clearly established that the relative had contributed to the farm contrary to a normal share farming or partnership arrangement.
The value of forgone wages is not accepted as financial consideration if:
The formula for calculating forgone wages is:
In applying the formula:
Any actual wages paid are then deducted from the calculated forgone wages.
Weekend and after school work can be included if other labour would have had to be hired to do the work if it was not done by the close relative. The AWOTE figure is used regardless of whether the close relative would have been paid a junior or adult rate. Forgone wages are not calculated for any period that the close relative was under fifteen years as this is younger than the legal school leaving age.
A close relative's unpaid care of a pensioner is accepted as financial consideration if:
To determine whether a care receiver requires and is receiving a substantial level of care, one or more of the following criteria should be met:
The value of the care being provided is the value of equivalent assistance if it were provided through a local support agency. It includes home help, direct care, and the cost of providing food, such as meals on wheels.
If a pensioner transfers a farm or farm interest to a third party, such as a trust or company, forgone wages are generally not accepted because the farm has not been transferred to the close relative.
If the trust transfers the farm to the pensioner's close relative, forgone wages cannot be accepted as financial consideration. A trust or company does not fall within the definition of a close relative.
More ? [181]
Exception: Forgone wages may be applied where all of the following conditions are met:
A delegate must be satisfied that effective ownership and control of the farm has been transferred to the close relative, that the close relative has worked for little or no wages (this could include distributions and/or dividends) and that the benefit of that labour was for the attributable stakeholder.
If past contributions [8] and forgone wages are being claimed as valuable consideration [8] as an offset to the value of the transferred farm, a pensioner must provide a statement about the:
In order to avoid double counting where the relative has made capital improvements during periods of unpaid employment, details should be provided about:
If possible the pensioner should also provide other financial documentation, such as income tax returns for the pensioner or the relative, workers compensation records and receipts for capital expenditure.
Verifying past contributions to a farm, including periods of unpaid employment can be difficult where claims are backdated for many years. Delegates should aim at arriving at a forgone wage/contribution figure which fairly recognises the extent and likelihood of unpaid farm employment and other contributions made by the relative, having regard to the intent of the policy. The estimate reached should be reasonable and defendable, based on information provided by the family and through other sources.
The pensioner and close relative must provide statutory declarations when claiming past contributions if:
The value of the disposed farm, home or real estate must be recorded, even if it has no effect on their pensioner's current entitlement as the value of several disposed of assets may exceed the $10,000/$30,000 limits. It may be necessary to obtain a valuation for the deprived asset [8] from a qualified valuation service provider. Deemed income on the disposed asset may affect payment under the income test.
More ? [182]
When transferred with the farm, the value of the income support recipient's principal home and adjacent land is not included in the forgone wages calculation.
Granny flat provisions do reduce the effect of the deprivation (gifting) rules where income support recipients transfer their principal home to family members in return for a life interest or right to accommodation for life.
For adequate financial consideration to be received when disposing of an asset [8], a person must receive value in the form of money or assets. Adequate financial consideration can be accepted when the amounts received reasonably equate to the market value of the asset. It may be necessary to obtain a valuation from a property valuation service provider.
When disposing of income [8], in order for adequate financial consideration to be received, the person must receive money, goods or services which approximate in value to the rate of disposed income. If a person disposes of an income producing asset and receives adequate financial consideration in money or money's worth for the asset, then it can be accepted that they have received adequate financial consideration for the disposal of both the income and the asset.
According to subsection 5P(1) [41] of the VEA, a farm means any land that is used:
In relation to deprivation related to farm transfers, past contributions of a person or their partner means:
Valuable consideration is defined as receipts not in money form but capable of being valued in money terms.
A deprived asset is an asset:
VEA ? [187]
Deprivation provisions apply to the disposal of a private annuity if a pensioner
More ? [188]
The amount of disposition for a disposed of private annuity is the value at the time of:
This will generally require an actuarial valuation. If an actuarial valuation was done in the last 24 months, the value of the annuity is:
A pensioner has a private annuity valued less than 2 years ago at $100,000. They receive twelve $1,000 payments in a year. The pensioner surrenders the annuity after receiving the sixth payment for that year and does not receive adequate financial consideration. The value of the deprived asset [8] is $100,000 - $6,000 = $94,000.
Income deprivation provisions generally do not apply to disposed of private annuities. Asset deprivation provisions do apply.
If a pensioner forgoes an annuity payment, the value of the payment is assessed as being received. Therefore, income deprivation provisions apply to all forgone payments.
For adequate financial consideration to be received when disposing of an asset [8], a person must receive value in the form of money or assets. Adequate financial consideration can be accepted when the amounts received reasonably equate to the market value of the asset. It may be necessary to obtain a valuation from a property valuation service provider.
When disposing of income [8], in order for adequate financial consideration to be received, the person must receive money, goods or services which approximate in value to the rate of disposed income. If a person disposes of an income producing asset and receives adequate financial consideration in money or money's worth for the asset, then it can be accepted that they have received adequate financial consideration for the disposal of both the income and the asset.
A deprived asset is an asset:
Links
[1] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16031%23comment-form
[2] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/91-income-and-assets-test-principles
[3] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/95-deeming-provisions
[4] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/92-residential-situation
[5] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-5-income-support-allowances-and-benefits/55-retirement-assistance-farmers-scheme-rafs
[6] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-5-income-support-allowances-and-benefits/510-retirement-assistance-sugarcane-farmers-scheme-rasf
[7] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16012%23comment-form
[8] https://clik.dva.gov.au/%23
[9] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn525
[10] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn526
[11] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn527
[12] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn528
[13] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn529
[14] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn530
[15] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn531
[16] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn532
[17] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn533
[18] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn534
[19] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/96-deprivation-income-and-assets/962-general-provisions-deprivation
[20] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn525
[21] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/96-deprivation-income-and-assets/963-disposal-date-deprived-income-and-assets
[22] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn526
[23] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/96-deprivation-income-and-assets/964-treatment-income-and-assets-disposals
[24] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn527
[25] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/96-deprivation-income-and-assets/965-deprivation-assets-effect-income
[26] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn528
[27] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/96-deprivation-income-and-assets/966-deprivation-related-trusts-and-private-companies
[28] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn529
[29] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/96-deprivation-income-and-assets/967-deprivation-related-deceased-estates-and-separation
[30] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn530
[31] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/96-deprivation-income-and-assets/968-deprivation-related-home-and-accommodation-transfers
[32] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn531
[33] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/96-deprivation-income-and-assets/969-deprivation-related-farm-transfers
[34] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn532
[35] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/96-deprivation-income-and-assets/9610-deprivation-related-private-annuities
[36] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn533
[37] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-10-types-income-and-assets/101-ordinary-income/1016-income-property
[38] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn534
[39] http://clik/health-procedure-library/health-information-and-management-notes-himn/vhc/072014-vhc-veterans-home-care
[40] http://clik.dva.gov.au/glossary/assets-value-limit-avl
[41] http://clik.dva.gov.au/legislation-library
[42] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16126%23comment-form
[43] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn535
[44] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn536
[45] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn537
[46] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn538
[47] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn539
[48] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn540
[49] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn541
[50] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn542
[51] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn543
[52] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn544
[53] clik://LEGIS/VEA/SubDiv B/Div 11/Part IIIB
[54] clik://LEGIS/VEA/Div 7/Part IIIB
[55] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn535
[56] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 5L(9)
[57] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 5L(9A)
[58] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 5L(10A)
[59] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 5L(10B)
[60] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn536
[61] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-reference-library/departmental-instructions/2002/c282002-disposal-assets-rule-changes-2002
[62] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn537
[63] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 5Q(1)
[64] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52JB(4)
[65] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52JD(6)
[66] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn538
[67] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn539
[68] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52FAAA
[69] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn540
[70] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52E
[71] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn541
[72] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/92-residential-situation/925-special-residence-assessment-rules/granny-flat-arrangements
[73] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn542
[74] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn543
[75] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52J
[76] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52JB
[77] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52JD
[78] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn544
[79] http://www.comlaw.gov.au/comlaw/management.nsf/lookupindexpagesbyid/IP200401614?OpenDocument
[80] http://www.comlaw.gov.au/comlaw/management.nsf/lookupindexpagesbyid/IP200401745?OpenDocument
[81] http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Series/C2004A03268
[82] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16067%23comment-form
[83] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn545
[84] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn546
[85] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn547
[86] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn548
[87] https://clik.dva.gov.au/service-eligibility-assistant-updates/all-determinations-order-date-signed-oldest-most-recent/determinations-under-vea
[88] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn545
[89] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn546
[90] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn547
[91] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn548
[92] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16053%23comment-form
[93] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn549
[94] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn550
[95] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn551
[96] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn552
[97] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn553
[98] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn554
[99] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn555
[100] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn556
[101] https://clik.dva.gov.au/legislation-library
[102] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn549
[103] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn550
[104] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn551
[105] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn552
[106] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn553
[107] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn554
[108] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn555
[109] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-10-types-income-and-assets/101-ordinary-income/1016-income-property/disposaldeprivation-rental-income
[110] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn556
[111] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16016%23comment-form
[112] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn557
[113] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn558
[114] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn559
[115] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn557
[116] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn558
[117] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn559
[118] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16092%23comment-form
[119] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn560
[120] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-10-types-income-and-assets/103-business-structures-and-trusts/10315-deprivation-provisions-private-trusts-or-companies
[121] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16055%23comment-form
[122] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn561
[123] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn562
[124] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn563
[125] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn561
[126] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 48C(2)
[127] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52H(3)
[128] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52JC(3)
[129] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52JD(3)
[130] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn562
[131] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 48C(3)
[132] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52GA(4)
[133] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52GA(5)
[134] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52H(4)
[135] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52H(5)
[136] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52JC(4)
[137] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52JC(5)
[138] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52JD(4)
[139] clik://LEGIS/VEA/section 52JD(5)
[140] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn563
[141] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16040%23comment-form
[142] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn564
[143] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn565
[144] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn566
[145] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn567
[146] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn568
[147] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn569
[148] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn570
[149] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn571
[150] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn572
[151] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn573
[152] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn574
[153] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn575
[154] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn576
[155] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn577
[156] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn578
[157] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn564
[158] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn565
[159] https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Series/C2004A03268
[160] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn566
[161] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/92-residential-situation/926-reasonableness-test
[162] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn567
[163] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn568
[164] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn569
[165] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-5-income-support-allowances-and-benefits/55-retirement-assistance-farmers-scheme-rafs/557-valuation-farm-assets/retaining-life-interest
[166] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn570
[167] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-5-income-support-allowances-and-benefits/510-retirement-assistance-sugarcane-farmers-scheme-rasf/5107-valuation-sugarcane-farm-assets/retaining-life-interest
[168] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn571
[169] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-10-types-income-and-assets/103-business-structures-and-trusts/10316-primary-production-private-trust-company-issues-01012002/other-primary-production-issues
[170] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn572
[171] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn573
[172] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn574
[173] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-9-principles-determining-pension-rate/92-residential-situation/927-departure-principal-home/entering-care
[174] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn575
[175] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn576
[176] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn577
[177] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-10-types-income-and-assets/105-income-streams
[178] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn578
[179] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16001%23comment-form
[180] clikpopup://DEF/Average Weekly Ordinary Time Earnings (AWOTE)
[181] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn579
[182] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn580
[183] https://clik.dva.gov.au/compensation-and-support-policy-library/part-10-types-income-and-assets/103-business-structures-and-trusts
[184] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn579
[185] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn580
[186] https://clik.dva.gov.au/user/login?destination=node/16132%23comment-form
[187] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn581
[188] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn582
[189] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#tgt-cspol_part9_ftn583
[190] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn581
[191] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn582
[192] https://clik.dva.gov.au/book/export/html/16031#ref-cspol_part9_ftn583