Myopia, Hypermetropia and Astigmatism F076
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/sops-grouped-icd-body-system/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522
Rulebase for astigmatism
<h5>Current RMA Instruments:</h5><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td><a href="http://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2016/009.pdf" target="_blank">Reasonable Hypothesis SOP</a></td><td>9 of 2016</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2016/010.pdf" target="_blank">Balance of Probabilities SOP </a></td><td><span>10 of 2016</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h5>Changes from previous instruments:</h5><p><drupal-media data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="e3310479-13ad-4567-8ffe-c9b23bd34394" data-view-mode="wysiwyg"></drupal-media></p><h5>ICD Coding:</h5><ul><li>ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2</li><li>ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2</li></ul><h5><strong>Brief description</strong></h5><p>This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:</p><ul><li>myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;</li><li>hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;</li><li>astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea</li></ul><h5>Confirming the diagnosis</h5><p>Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.</p><p>To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).</p><h5><strong>Additional diagnoses covered by SOP</strong></h5><ul><li>hyperopia</li><li>hypermetropic astigmatism</li><li>myopic astigmatism</li></ul><h5><strong>Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)</strong></h5><ul><li>short or near sightedness</li><li>farsightedness</li></ul><h5><strong>Conditions excluded from SOP </strong></h5><ul><li>presbyopia - another SOP applies</li></ul><h5><strong>Further comments on diagnosis</strong></h5><p>All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).</p><h5>Clincial onset</h5><p>Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.</p><h5>Clincial worsening</h5><p>Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).</p>
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/rulebase-astigmatism
A lid or limbal mass of the eye
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-astigmatism/lid-or-limbal-mass-eye
Albinism
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-astigmatism/albinism
Cataract surgery
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-astigmatism/cataract-surgery
Corneal scarring
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-astigmatism/corneal-scarring
Decentration or tilting of the lens
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-astigmatism/decentration-or-tilting-lens
Keratoconus
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-astigmatism/keratoconus
No appropriate clinical management for myopia or hypermetropia or astigmatism
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-astigmatism/no-appropriate-clinical-management-myopia-or-hypermetropia-or-astigmatism
Pterygium
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-astigmatism/pterygium
Surgery for retinal detachment
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/sop-information/sops-and-supporting-information-alphabetic-listing/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076/rulebase-astigmatism/surgery-retinal-detachment
Surgery involving the cornea or sclera
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-astigmatism/surgery-involving-cornea-or-sclera
Rulebase for hypermetropia
<h5>Current RMA Instruments:</h5><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td><a href="http://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2016/009.pdf" target="_blank">Reasonable Hypothesis SOP</a></td><td>9 of 2016</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2016/010.pdf" target="_blank">Balance of Probabilities SOP </a></td><td><span>10 of 2016</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h5>Changes from previous instruments:</h5><p><drupal-media data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="e3310479-13ad-4567-8ffe-c9b23bd34394" data-view-mode="wysiwyg"></drupal-media></p><h5>ICD Coding:</h5><ul><li>ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2</li><li>ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2</li></ul><h5><strong>Brief description</strong></h5><p>This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:</p><ul><li>myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;</li><li>hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;</li><li>astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea</li></ul><h5>Confirming the diagnosis</h5><p>Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.</p><p>To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).</p><h5><strong>Additional diagnoses covered by SOP</strong></h5><ul><li>hyperopia</li><li>hypermetropic astigmatism</li><li>myopic astigmatism</li></ul><h5><strong>Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)</strong></h5><ul><li>short or near sightedness</li><li>farsightedness</li></ul><h5><strong>Conditions excluded from SOP </strong></h5><ul><li>presbyopia - another SOP applies</li></ul><h5><strong>Further comments on diagnosis</strong></h5><p>All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).</p><h5>Clincial onset</h5><p>Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.</p><h5>Clincial worsening</h5><p>Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).</p>
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/rulebase-hypermetropia
Albinism
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-hypermetropia/albinism
Anterior displacement of the retina
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-hypermetropia/anterior-displacement-retina
Aphakia
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-hypermetropia/aphakia
Cataract surgery
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-hypermetropia/cataract-surgery
Corneal surgery
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-hypermetropia/corneal-surgery
No appropriate clinical management for myopia or hypermetropia or astigmatism
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-hypermetropia/no-appropriate-clinical-management-myopia-or-hypermetropia-or-astigmatism
Posterior displacement of the lens into the vitreous
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-hypermetropia/posterior-displacement-lens-vitreous
Rulebase for myopia
<h5>Current RMA Instruments:</h5><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td><a href="http://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2016/009.pdf" target="_blank">Reasonable Hypothesis SOP</a></td><td>9 of 2016</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2016/010.pdf" target="_blank">Balance of Probabilities SOP </a></td><td><span>10 of 2016</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h5>Changes from previous instruments:</h5><p><drupal-media data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="e3310479-13ad-4567-8ffe-c9b23bd34394" data-view-mode="wysiwyg"></drupal-media></p><h5>ICD Coding:</h5><ul><li>ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2</li><li>ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2</li></ul><h5><strong>Brief description</strong></h5><p>This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:</p><ul><li>myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;</li><li>hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;</li><li>astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea</li></ul><h5>Confirming the diagnosis</h5><p>Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.</p><p>To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).</p><h5><strong>Additional diagnoses covered by SOP</strong></h5><ul><li>hyperopia</li><li>hypermetropic astigmatism</li><li>myopic astigmatism</li></ul><h5><strong>Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)</strong></h5><ul><li>short or near sightedness</li><li>farsightedness</li></ul><h5><strong>Conditions excluded from SOP </strong></h5><ul><li>presbyopia - another SOP applies</li></ul><h5><strong>Further comments on diagnosis</strong></h5><p>All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).</p><h5>Clincial onset</h5><p>Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.</p><h5>Clincial worsening</h5><p>Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).</p>
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/rulebase-myopia
Albinism
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-myopia/albinism
Cataract surgery
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-myopia/cataract-surgery
Corneal surgery
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-myopia/corneal-surgery
Decentration or tilting of the lens
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-myopia/decentration-or-tilting-lens
Keratoconus
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-myopia/keratoconus
Lenticonus
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-myopia/lenticonus
Marfan syndrome
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-myopia/marfan-syndrome
No appropriate clinical management for myopia or hypermetropia or astigmatism
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-myopia/no-appropriate-clinical-management-myopia-or-hypermetropia-or-astigmatism
Nuclear cataract
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-myopia/nuclear-cataract
Surgery for retinal detachment
Current RMA Instruments:
| Reasonable Hypothesis SOP | 9 of 2016 |
| Balance of Probabilities SOP | 10 of 2016 |
Changes from previous instruments:
ICD Coding:
- ICD-9-CM Codes: 360.21,367.0,367.1,367.2
- ICD-10-AM Codes:H44.2, H52.0, H52.1, H52.2
Brief description
This SOP is effectively three SOPs in one, for the three different types of refractive error. A refractive error occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus images, resulting in blurred vision. The three main types are:
- myopia (nearsightedness): difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly;
- hypermetropia (farsightedness): difficulty in seeing close objects clearly;
- astigmatism: distorted vision resulting from an irregularly curved cornea
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a report from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.
To apply the SOP you will need to identify the type/s of refractive error. If more than one type of refractive error is present in an eye, ie. hypermetropic astigmatism or myopic astigmatism, you may need to separately encode and determine each type, because of the potentially different causal factors that apply (note that myopia and hypermetropia cannot coexist in the same eye).
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- hyperopia
- hypermetropic astigmatism
- myopic astigmatism
Related conditions that may be covered by SOP (further information required)
- short or near sightedness
- farsightedness
Conditions excluded from SOP
- presbyopia - another SOP applies
Further comments on diagnosis
All people over the age of 50 and most people between ages 40 and 50 will have diminished near vision due to presbyopia. Presbyopia has its own RMA SOPs (ICD code 367.4).
Clincial onset
Clinical onset may be different for each eye. It will be when the refractive error was first documented by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, or when blurred vision, subsequently confirmed to be due to a refractive error, was first noted.
Clincial worsening
Refractive errors tend to be fairly stable in adults although changes can occur as part of the natural history. Worsening would be reflected by a deterioration in visual acuity not due to some other condition (including presbyopia).
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/m/myopia-hypermetropia-and-astigmatism-f076-h442h520h521h522/rulebase-myopia/surgery-retinal-detachment