Hepatitis B infection A010
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/sops-grouped-icd-body-system/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181
Rulebase for hepatitis B
<h5><strong>Current RMA Instruments</strong></h5><table class="table" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"><tbody><tr><td><address><p><a href="https://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2026/009.pdf" target="_blank">Reasonable Hypothesis SOP</a></p></address></td><td>9 of 2026</td></tr><tr><td><address><p><a href="https://www.rma.gov.au/assets/SOP/2026/010.pdf" target="_blank">Balance of Probabilities SOP</a></p></address></td><td>10 of 2026</td></tr></tbody></table><h5><strong>Changes from previous Instruments</strong></h5><drupal-media data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="67aba6e8-4b2d-4a11-b6f7-b05157d235b4"> </drupal-media><h5> </h5><h5><strong>ICD Coding</strong></h5><ul><li>ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1</li></ul><h5><strong>Brief description</strong></h5><p>Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis. </p><p>This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease. </p><h5><strong>Confirming the diagnosis</strong></h5><p>Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers. </p><p><strong>Acute hepatitis B infection:</strong></p><p>Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection. </p><ul><li>Positive serology for acute infection:<ul><li>HBsAg positive</li><li>Anti-HBc positive</li><li>IgM anti-HBc positive</li><li>Anti-HBs negative</li></ul></li></ul><p><strong>Chronic hepatitis B infection:</strong></p><p>Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing. </p><ul><li>Positive serology for chronic infection:<ul><li>HBsAg positive</li><li>Anti-HBc positive</li><li>IgM anti-HBc negative</li><li>Anti- HBs negative</li></ul></li></ul><h5><strong>Additional diagnoses covered by SOP</strong></h5><ul><li>Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")</li><li>Chronic active HBV infection</li><li>Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B</li></ul><h5><strong>Conditions not covered by SOP</strong></h5><ul><li>Hepatitis A *</li><li>Hepatitis C *</li><li>Hepatitis D *</li><li>Hepatitis E *</li><li>Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection</li></ul><p>* Another SOP applies</p><h5><strong>Clinical onset</strong></h5><p>For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection. </p><p>For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset. </p><h5><strong>Clinical worsening</strong></h5><p>Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:</p><ul><li>progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection</li><li>reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection</li><li>a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation</li></ul><p>Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred. </p>
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b
Blood transfusion
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/blood-transfusion
Contamination of a wound by the body fluids of another person
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/contamination-wound-body-fluids-another-person
Dental procedure with unsterilised instruments
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/dental-procedure-unsterilised-instruments
Having been a prisoner of war of the Japanese
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/having-been-prisoner-war-japanese
Inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for hepatitis B
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/inability-obtain-appropriate-clinical-management-hepatitis-b
Injection of blood products
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/injection-blood-products
Injection with an unsterilised needle
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/injection-unsterilised-needle
Organ transplantation
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/organ-transplantation
Parenteral drug use
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/parenteral-drug-use
Surgical procedure with unsterilised instruments
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/surgical-procedure-unsterilised-instruments
Unprotected sexual intercourse
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/unprotected-sexual-intercourse
World War II service in specified areas of South East Asia
Current RMA Instruments
| 9 of 2026 | |
| 10 of 2026 |
Changes from previous Instruments
ICD Coding
- ICD-10-AM Codes: B16, B18.0, B18.1
Brief description
Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection results in hepatic inflammation and may present as an acute or chronic illness. Acute infection may cause fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or jaundice. Chronic infection- defined as infection persisting for at least six months- may be asymptomatic or associated with ongoing hepatic inflammation and, over time, fibrosis.
This SOP covers acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection and chronic hepatitis B infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic). It does not cover individuals who have a transient, subclinical (symptoms are absent or not noticeable) acute infection that resolves without progression to chronic disease.
Confirming the diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection requires laboratory confirmation of hepatitis B serological or nucleic acid markers.
Acute hepatitis B infection:
Acute infection must be accompanied by a clinical illness consistent with acute viral hepatitis, together with laboratory evidence of acute HBV infection.
- Positive serology for acute infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc positive
- Anti-HBs negative
Chronic hepatitis B infection:
Chronic infection is confirmed when HBV infection persists for at least six months, supported by repeated laboratory testing.
- Positive serology for chronic infection:
- HBsAg positive
- Anti-HBc positive
- IgM anti-HBc negative
- Anti- HBs negative
Additional diagnoses covered by SOP
- Chronic inactive HBV infection ("carrier state")
- Chronic active HBV infection
- Acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic hepatitis B
Conditions not covered by SOP
- Hepatitis A *
- Hepatitis C *
- Hepatitis D *
- Hepatitis E *
- Subclinical acute hepatitis B infection that does not progress to chronic hepatitis B infection
* Another SOP applies
Clinical onset
For acute hepatitis B infection, clinical onset is the earliest time at which symptoms of acute viral hepatitis- such as fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or jaundice- first appeared, subsequently confirmed to be due to HBV infection.
For chronic hepatitis B diagnosed without a recognised acute symptomatic phase, clinical onset is the date on which HBV infection was first confirmed by pathology testing. Laboratory testing confirmation usually occurs after the clinical onset.
Clinical worsening
Clinical worsening refers to deterioration beyond the expected natural course of HBV infection. This includes:
- progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B infection
- reactivation of previously inactive chronic infection
- a flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with rising viral activity or hepatic inflammation
Management depends on disease phase and severity. Antiviral therapy may reduce viral replication and the risk of long-term complications. Assessment by an infectious diseases physician or hepatologist/gastroenterologist is recommended when considering whether true clinical worsening has occurred.
Source URL: https://clik.dva.gov.au/ccps-medical-research-library/statements-principles/h-l/hepatitis-b-a010-b16b180b181/rulebase-hepatitis-b/world-war-ii-service-specified-areas-south-east-asia